Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
What is Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty?
Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure where only the head of the humerus (the ball part of the ball-and-socket shoulder joint) is replaced with a prosthetic implant. Unlike total shoulder replacement, which involves replacing both the ball and socket, hemiarthroplasty focuses on replacing just the damaged or arthritic portion of the joint, often due to severe fractures or arthritis.
Indications for Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is typically performed when the head of the humerus is significantly damaged due to conditions such as severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, or complex fractures. It is also considered when the glenoid (socket) is intact, but the humeral head is compromised. The goal is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve the patient’s quality of life.
Preparation for Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
Preparation for shoulder hemiarthroplasty includes a thorough medical evaluation, imaging studies like X-rays or MRIs, and blood tests to ensure the patient is fit for surgery. Patients may be advised to stop certain medications, such as blood thinners, and to arrange for postoperative care. Preoperative physical therapy might also be recommended to strengthen the shoulder muscles.
Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty Procedure
The procedure begins with an incision over the shoulder to expose the joint. The damaged head of the humerus is removed, and a prosthetic implant is placed in its stead. The implant is usually made of metal and is designed to mimic the natural shape and function of the humeral head. The joint is then reassembled, and the incision is closed with sutures.
Recovery after Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
Recovery from shoulder hemiarthroplasty involves a period of immobilization followed by physical therapy. The arm is usually placed in a sling for several weeks to allow healing. Physical therapy is crucial to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Full recovery can take several months, but most patients can resume normal activities after 3 to 6 months.
Risks of Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
Like all surgeries, shoulder hemiarthroplasty carries risks, including infection, blood clots, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. Specific risks include implant loosening, prosthesis dislocation, and damage to surrounding nerves or blood vessels. There’s also a risk that the pain or mobility issues may not be fully resolved, necessitating further surgery.
Benefits of Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
The primary benefits of shoulder hemiarthroplasty are pain relief and improved shoulder function. For patients with severely damaged humeral heads but relatively intact glenoids, this procedure can provide significant improvement in quality of life. It’s a less invasive option compared to total shoulder replacement and may offer quicker recovery times and better overall outcomes.